Like Father, Like Son

2010/06/29
By Jackie

Note from Ms. Baker: This summer, I’m working in the Nitabach Lab in the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology at Yale as part of a NIH grant.  My goal is to create an AP Biology-level lab curriculum that uses Drosophilia to teach students concepts related to classical & modern genetics, physiology, and animal behavior.  In honor of this, I’m reposting this student post written by a former AP Biology student.  It was originally posted on December 9, 2007.

Photo by Chromalux

Many animals have a type of mating call which attracts the female to them in order to mate.  If a female is attracted to a charismatic male and they produce offspring, would their offspring be attractive as well?

Scientists have been searching for evidence to be able to determine if attractiveness could be hereditary. To do this, scientists in England used the Drosophila simulans fruit fly. In this species, the female is attracted to the male by their personality and flirtations.

What kind of personality and flirtations? Well, the Drosophila male flies sometimes have a “courtship song” or a mating song that attracts the female to the male. The way that they produce these “songs” is by the movement of their wings. Certain patterns and pulses produce different types of “songs”.

Another way that makes the males attractive is the pheromones that are produced.  Pheromones are sometimes sex-specific and are released by certain glands or cells to trigger the behavioral response of the opposite sex of the same species. Specialized sensory structures or cells recognize pheromones.  The neurons are thought to be responsible for the detection of pheromones in Drosophila.

The scientists paired the males and females together and looked at the average time it took them to mate. By using common sense, if they mated quickly, such as 5 minutes, then they concluded that those males are attractive to the females. If it took a longer time to mate, then most likely they do not have as much charisma as the other flies.

The offspring (sons) of the flies were paired with single females. They repeated their step in observing the amount of time it took them to mate. Just like the scientists thought, the attractive males that they started with, in fact, DID produce attractive sons!

After seeing this, scientists wondered if this same idea could be spread across to all species.  Does this mean attractiveness is hereditary in other insects or species as well?

David Hosken, an evolutionary biologist who worked on the study said, “Extrapolating from one species to another closely related species should be done with caution. Knowing lots about one species may tell you little about another.  We must remember this when we make hypotheses of other species.”

Is this kind of attractiveness shown in Drosophila also hereditary in humans?  What similarities do you notice between Drosophila and humans? Do you think it’s impossible to pull predictions about our species from Drosophila?

Jackie (the author of this post) examines a sample of anesthetized Drosophila melanogaster!

  • Morris B

    I think it is really interesting that male flies attract females with a song that they make from their wings, that to most people just sounds likes a annoying buzzing sound.

  • Jessica K.

    This is a very interesting post. I haven’t really considered the fact that flies may choose their mating partner by their attractiveness. After some research, I have found a similar experiment that was done by the University of Exeter, also using flies.

    http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_sexy-fathers-have-sexy-sons_1134534

    After conducting their experiment, they have tentatively concluded that there is no certain factor that classifies a fly as attractive. However, I do think that attractiveness is hereditary with in humans. For example, if an attractive man and woman reproduce and they both have dark hair and light eyes, the child will most likely be attractive with dark hair and light eyes.
    I also think that all animals are in some way similar so it would be valid to predict ideas about hereditary attractiveness of humans based on Drospophila.

  • Deirdre

    I agree with Jess when she says that attractiveness can be hereditary. Most humans look like a combination of their mother and father, or they can look very similar to either one of their parents. It makes sense that an attractive person would produce attractive offspring. I can use common sense to figure out that an attractive parent would most likely produce an attractive child, but i researched why. In an article titled “Why We’re Not All Attractive,” the author used the example of fruit flies having the same attractive traits as their attractive father, but went into detail about why humans have the same tendency to be attractive if their parents are. Scientists discovered that males with greater genetic diversity in areas of the DNA used for disease defense were qualified as attractive by many women. Since the males with greater genetic mutation were more likely to mate, they passed the same higher rate of mutation onto their offspring.

    http://www.livescience.com/health/070328_lek_paradox.html

  • Emilio

    Well, I actually came across a similar topic a while ago. I was watching The Learning Channel(TLC) and a show called “The Science of Sex Appeal” came on. I watched the program and it spoke of how sex appeal, or attractiveness as you might call it, is greatly based on genes, but also on normal features. The program mentioned a lot about how the symmetry of someone’s face is a great contributor to attractiveness. The shape and size of one’s body is also a huge contributor, but something like a woman’s lips are also a form of “seduction”, if you will. I can’t explain further without being graphic, but if you want to watch some clips, there is a link below. You can also check the TV listings for this program.

    Sources:
    http://tlc.discovery.com/search/results.html?query=The+Science+of+Sex+Appeal&x=21&y=8

  • monica

    I agree with Deirde; just because of the point that she made about attractiveness. I believe this because if the genes are not mutatated during the process, it should simply look like the animal making the reformation. http://www.livescience.com/animals/070125_spider_rave.html ; the way they reproduce as opposed to have a visible call, this Psycadelic Spider, is known for its invisible sex dance. This is known as one of the weirdest ways to attract another offspring. It shows a ultraviolet sun ray in its eyesight and legs. This struct me because when it reproduces the offspring always flashes off a different color. For example, if the parents colors were green and blue; the offspring would not have green and blue they would have a color like pink.

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